The School of Textile Science and Engineering and Wuhan Textile University were founded in 1958 (formerly known as the Textile Department of Wuhan Institute of Textile Technology). It was the first institute of Wuhan Textiles University to train undergraduates and graduate students. The discipline of textile science and engineering which was a key subject in Hubei Province was awarded the master's degree in 2003. In 2015, it was selected as the "Modern Textile Technology Discipline Group" for the Hubei Provincial Superior Discipline Group. In the fourth round of national assessment in 2016, it entered the B file and ranked sixth in the country. In 2018, it was selected as the “National First-Class Discipline Construction Subject” in the “Double-First Class” discipline construction project in Hubei Province. In 2017, the major of textile engineering passed the China Engineering Education Certification and the Bachelor of the British Textile Institute.

The college has two major textile engineering and non-woven materials and engineering for undergraduates. There is a textile engineering department (including textile inspection and trade department), non-woven materials and engineering department, textile engineering experiment center and non-woven engineering experiment center. The textile engineering is a state-level specialty major and in the national comprehensive reform pilot program. In 2011, it was selected as the second batch of “National Excellent Engineer Training Program” and “Hubei Province Top Innovative Talent Cultivation Program”. It has national-level “experimental demonstration center for textile printing and dyeing experiment” and “textile material science” exquisite courses. At the same time, it cooperates with Jihua 35009 Textile Co., Ltd. to build students' off-campus practice bases with 9 national-level bases. Non-woven materials and engineering major are the key specialties for the future development of our university. The employment prospects of graduates are very promising. In 2018, the program was approved for Hubei Province's "Jing chu Excellence Engineers Cooperative Education Program" project.

The college has a first-rate teacher team, a national teaching team of “textile materials and processing team”, one person in national Thousand Talents Program, one Yangtse Rive Scholar, one Distinguished Young, seven Chutian students, and one famous teaching teacher of Hubei Province and there are three experts from the State Council and provincial and ministerial level. About 70% of full-time teachers have doctoral degrees and senior technical titles.

The college relies on the National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Spinning Weaving and Cleaner Production, the State Key Laboratory Breeding Base for Textile New Materials and Advanced Processing Technology, the Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Textile Fibers and Products, the Hubei Province Collaborative Innovation Center for Textile Industry Chain Common Technology, the Hubei provincial modern textile engineering technology research center and other platforms to carry out teaching and scientific research. In recent years, it has undertaken nearly 100 scientific research projects including the National Natural Science Foundation of China, the National Ministry of Science and Technology “973 Program”, the Innovation Team Project of the Ministry of Education, the International Wool Bureau Cooperation Project, and the Horizontal Projects. It has won the first prize of National Science and Technology Progress, the second prize of national technological invention and other dozens of scientific research achievements, which have been widely used in enterprises resulting in good social and economic benefits. The school also won a second prize for the National Teaching Achievement Award, and two first prizes for Hubei teaching achievement.

The school actively engages in academic exchanges and cooperation with foreign countries. It has established close academic contacts with the United States, Britain, Australia, Japan, Russia, the Czech Republic and other countries as well as Hong Kong, Taiwan and many other domestic universities. It also has established long-term cooperative relationships with more than 100 domestic and foreign companies. Co-producing doctoral students with Deakin University in Australia and Manchester University in the United Kingdom to build an international joint laboratory. The "Textile Engineering Undergraduate Education Project" cooperating with the University of Manchester in the United Kingdom has been approved by the Ministry of Education and has enrolled more than 500 students in the 7 session. In recent years, there have been more than 100 undergraduates and graduate students studying abroad or visiting, and 65 international students have been enrolled. Undertaken the 89th World Textile Conference, has a high reputation in the textile industry at home and abroad.